There is a authentic column on Sql Server Central about changing metadata of a replicated database.
Altering a column on a Replicated Table
http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Replication/alteringacolumnonareplicatedtable/1666/
However, I was searching for a simpler answer.
Although it doesn’t necessarily say it explicitly, I got a hint from this page.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms151870.aspx
The answer is simply, unless there are dependent objects,
1. add a new column
2. update the new column with values of the old column
3. drop the old column
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